Abnormal pap smear

What is it?

At your last gynaecological examination, cells were removed from your cervix using a brush or spatula. These cells were examined under the microscope in the laboratory by the pathologist. Your smear showed cells that were not completely normal.

How often does this happen?

It is normal for most women to be anxious when they hear that an abnormality has been found in their smear. However, abnormal smears do not indicate the presence of cervical cancer in the vast majority of cases. This cancer is relatively rare and occurs in 10 women out of 100,000 that are screened each year. On the other hand, abnormal smears are common. Perhaps it can be reassuring to know that 1 in 20 smears are found 'not to be completely normal' and require a second check or additional testing.

Causes?

Usually, abnormalities are caused by one of the many described strains of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). This virus is diagnosed in more than 75% of all sexually active women at some point in their lives. These HPV strains are easily transmitted during sexual contact. In more than 98% of HPV-infected women, the virus disappears spontaneously within one to two years with a clean-up reaction of the immune system. The prolonged presence of some types of HPV can lead to changes in the cervix. Other cervical abnormalities are more likely to be due to menopausal dryness or infection with bacteria or fungi.

Is there anything I can do, if I have an HPV infection?

First of all, regular check-ups with your physician are recommended. So do not forget your appointment. We recommend that you stop smoking because it has been shown that there is a definite link between smoking, the continued presence of certain HPV strains and a higher risk of cervical cancer in old age.

A colonoscopy and biopsy can be performed after an abnormal pap smear.

For mild abnormalities, you will only receive an invitation to do a new pap smear after a few months to a year. In case of more extensive abnormalities, further treatment will follow. Currently, the most common and effective treatment consists of a lusexcision. Other valid options are laser treatment, freezing or conisation. Your physican will decide in consultation with you, which treatments are the most appropriate.

Latest publication date: 10/01/2024